72caef39-7e3e-490b-9f99-d1dc62b51f34 Alkyd resin Technology mix Production mix, at plant 50% in water Alkyd resin; technology mix; production mix, at plant; 50% in water, elementary - EU+EFTA+UK Alkyd resin; technology mix; production mix, at plant; 50% in water, blackbox - EU+EFTA+UK Materials production Organic chemicals The dataset represents the manufacture of raw materials for the paint industry. It is based on the models created for the CEPE Raw Material database, version 3 (European Council of the Paint, Printing Ink and Artists' Colours Industry; limited access), which have been updated with PEF-compliant background sources based on Ecoinvent 3.3 and process-based EF-compliant LCI datasets for energy and transport. The inventory is based on literature and background sources, following general assumptions for the paint industry. Biogenic carbon content 12,1%. Water content 50% 0 2012 2024 Annual average data. No intra-annual or intra-daily differences have been made. Representative data for the year 2012 has been used. Data set valid until end of 2024. European dataset. Representative data for Europe has been used for the foreground and background systems. In the technology description below, specific dataset names refer to the original modelling based on Ecoinvent 3.3. They might have been updated using the names of the equivalent EF-compliant datasets (In particular transport, infrastructure, water, heat, energy and waste datasets). For this RM no specific data was found, therefore, it was modelled as described in Gooch, 2002, in which the alkyd (in 50 wt% white spirit) is emulsified in 48% water and 4 wt% emulsifying agent (75% nonylphenoxypoly, 25% dodecyl sodium sulphate). However, since LCI-data for the emulsifying agent was missing it was therefore neglected in the model. For the modelling, the data set from Ecoinvent “RER: alkyd resin production, long oil, product in 70% white spirit solution state”, was used, which was modified according to the above amounts, and to use soya oil instead of long oil. 0.05 MJ/kg electric energy was added during the emulsification step in the model. When no data regarding amount of electricity use was found, a default value of 0.05 MJ electric power/kg product per process step was used for calculations. Process steps can be e.g. mixing or pumping. This value was derived from studying LCA data of different plastics and chemicals and theoretical calculations of energy use. For the entire product chain, values are often between 0.5-2 MJ/kg plastics (incl. different steps and upstream use), making 0.05 MJ/kg a conservative estimate for one process step. Process description: The dataset “RER: alkyd resin production, long oil, product in 70% white spirit solution state” models the commonly used solvent process. It assumes the use of soybean oil as fatty acid, phthalic anhydride as polybasic acid and Pentaeritol as polyol. Activities include the transport of raw materials and production of resin. Packaging is neglected. Chemical substance used in the production of decorative coatings diagram for Alkyd resin (72caef39) General diagram, system boundaries, chemPaint Partly terminated system Attributional None Substitution - average, no correction No multi-product problems are identified in the foreground system. In the background system, multi-product datasets are converted to single-product datasets with the help of database wide modelling rules, by partitioning. After the handling of wastes and recyclable materials, allocation takes place over all remaining products produced within the activity. By default, it allocates exchanges from multi-output processes according to their revenue. In the foreground system, circular-footprint formula (CFF) approach is applied; the systems does not contain end-of-life co-product or secondary material input in the foreground. The background data uses EF compliant datasets when available, with respective implementation of the CFF approach. When no EF complaint dataset is available, the background is modelled with use of the datasets based on the “Recycled content cut-off” approach to allocate end-of-life by-products and secondary materials. This allocation is explained in the description of the recycled content system model (http://www.ecoinvent.org/database/system-models-in-ecoinvent-3/cut-off-system-model/allocation-cut-off-by-classification.html). Direct Land Use change: Land use is inventorised through the use of data on: • Land occupation for the current land use (the occupied land is prevented from changing to a more natural state). • Land transformation (from previous land use and to current land use, e.g., the conversion of a former natural area to industrial land; the conversion of a gravel quarry to a natural area by active re-cultivation). Direct land use change is accounted for on the basis of a 20 year time period and implemented in the calculation of Climate Change according to the PAS2050-1:2012 method and Land Use. It should be noted that the land use classes are not intended to capture specific emissions, such as the CO2 emissions after forest clearing. Such emissions are therefore separately included in the datasets for the specific crops that are grown on such recently transformed land. Carbon storage and delayed emissions: All emissions are considered and therefore no credits are given. Emissions off-setting: No offsets are considered. Time period: No time discounting is reported. Emissions and removals are modelled as if released or removed at the beginning of the assessment method. GHG Emission fossil: All GHG emissions from fossil fuels (including peat and limestone) are modelled consistently with the most updated EF list of elementary flows on the foreground and ILCD list of elementary flows on the background. Carbon emissions and uptakes (biogenic): A distinction is made between fossil and non-fossil sources of CO2, CO and CH4. The sources of fossil carbon are the resource inputs of fossil fuels, peat, and mineral carbonates . The resource consumption of “Carbon dioxide, in air” is calculated from the carbon in harvested plants and wild animals and increases in carbon stored in soils and plants. The latter is recorded as an output of “Carbon dioxide, to soil or biomass stock”. “Carbon dioxide, in air” is the only source of non-fossil carbon, which is mainly captured through the biological photosynthesis. Carbon emissions – land use and land use change: Reductions in the carbon stored in soils and the release of carbon from the burning of biomass residues in connection to land transformation, e.g. the clear-cutting of primary forests, are recorded in the elementary exchange (resource) “Carbon, organic, in soil or biomass stock”. No land use and land use change is modelled in the foreground systems. Capital goods (including infrastructures) and their End of Life: The activity datasets for production infrastructure are included in the averaged background datasets, effectively accounting for the infrastructure. The activity datasets include the maintenance of the infrastructure during its lifetime, its land occupation and land transformation, and its decommissioning for waste treatment. Carbon emissions – land use and transformation in the backgrounds: Reductions in the carbon stored in soils and the release of carbon from the burning of biomass residues in connection to land transformation, e.g. the clear-cutting of primary forests, are recorded in the elementary exchange (resource) “Carbon, organic, in soil or biomass stock”. All of this input is included in the corresponding emissions of Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, and Methane, all with the addition “…, from soil or biomass stock”, and therefore does not contribute to any carbon content of any intermediate exchanges (Overview and methodology Ecoinvent. Section 5.6.2 Fossil and non-fossil carbon). Cut-offs: LCI modelling has been done based on literature sources, theoretical models and by adapting available data sets from databases. When modelling production of chemicals, a number of general assumptions have been used together with stoichiometric calculations. The background models include impacts of infrastructure, yield, heat and electricity and water. At primary level, datasets are as complete as the sources allow, with no cut-off applied. Capital goods (including infrastructures) and their End of Life: The activity datasets for production infrastructure are included in the averaged background datasets, effectively accounting for the infrastructure. The activity datasets include the maintenance of the infrastructure during its lifetime, its land occupation and land transformation, and its decommissioning for waste treatment. System boundaries: System boundaries include all processes linked to the product supply chain, i.e. extraction, production, transport, consumption and waste treatment activities. The supply chain activities are accounted for in the averaged datasets. No strict quantitative cut-off rule is followed in the background sources. No predefined, limited list of elementary exchanges is applied. Full completeness in elementary exchanges is aimed for. The cut-off rule threshold of 95% is satisfied. Data is consistently based on literature sources, theoretical models and adapted datasets from databases. The relevant background data is sourced from EF3.0 core databases and EF3.0 for chemicals. When processes in these databases were not available, ecoinvent v3.3 database was used (www.ecoinvent.org). None No adjustments and extrapolations are performed at primary level. None Atkins Jones (2005) NIST (2012) Ecoinvent database version 3 IVL Raw materials database for CEPE Gooch (2002) GaBi and industry based LCI datasets for EU Environmental Footprinting (EF) implementation 2016-2020 0 Notice: this data set supersedes the EF3.0-compliant version (see link under "preceding data set version" below calculated with the EF3.0). The life cycle inventory is not changed from the original EF3.0 data set. The LCIA results are calculated based on the EF3.1 methods which provide updated characterisation factors in the following impact categories: Climate Change, Ecotoxicity freshwater, Photochemical Ozone Formation, Acidification, Human Toxicity non-cancer, and Human Toxicity cancer. The review report and the data quality ratings refer to the original results. The data set has been updated by the European Commission on the basis of the original EF3.0 data set delivered by the data provider. All relevant flows quantified Water use Resource use, minerals and metals Resource use, fossils Photochemical ozone formation - human health EF-particulate matter Ozone depletion Land use Ionising radiation, human health Human toxicity, non-cancer_organics Human toxicity, non-cancer_inorganics Human toxicity, non-cancer Human toxicity, cancer_organics Human toxicity, cancer_inorganics Human toxicity, cancer Eutrophication, terrestrial Eutrophication, freshwater Eutrophication marine Ecotoxicity, freshwater_organics Ecotoxicity, freshwater_inorganics Ecotoxicity, freshwater Climate change-Land use and land use change Climate change-Fossil Climate change-Biogenic Climate change Acidification Independent external review has been conducted for the scope of reference package update. With the notions provided in the review report (see EF requirements compliance, and appropriateness of documentation), and within the scope of review, the dataset is compliant with the requirements of the Guide for EF compliant datasets, and the terms of the tender. Plausibility of the results are reviewed on the level of consistency with the results in the previous reference package. Within the review, a range of corrections were recommended to be introduced into the documentation of the dataset. The documentation is appropriate, and deviations do not impede a fair assessment of the dataset use. Appropriateness of system boundaries and cut-off rules was not reviewed, for details on allocations please see the review report. Pre-calculated LCIA results were validated with the Look@LCI tool, no inconsistencies are detected. User is adviced to take into account that packaging materials are not included in the modelling of the reference product Within the project, DQRs were not to be reviewed unless additional changes to those specified in the Call for Tender were introduced. For this process, reported data quality indicators were reviewed in the previous version, EF2.0 reference package, and have not been updated or reviewed in the currect review scope. For more information please refer to the EF2.0 review report. Review reports for the dataset developed in the EF2.0 reference package can be found at: https://lcdn-cepe.org/resource/sources/bf8766a0-fab5-4aa5-b2e1-0d3a41bccdeb/review_report_bf8766a0-fab5-4aa5-b2e1-0d3a41bccdeb.pdf?version=01.00.000; https://lcdn-cepe.org/resource/sources/e285b7d0-a236-403f-8005-609df3b65449/review_report_e285b7d0-a236-403f-8005-609df3b65449.pdf?version=01.00.000 Max Sonnen, Ecomatters B.V. Natalia Chebaeva, Ecomatters B.V. 72caef39-7e3e-490b-9f99-d1dc62b51f34.pdf ILCD Data Network - Entry-level Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Not defined Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 14040 Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Principles and Framework, 2006 Fully compliant Not defined Fully compliant Fully compliant Not defined Not defined ISO 14044:2006. Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Requirements and guidelines. Fully compliant Not defined Fully compliant Not defined Fully compliant Not defined Environmental Footprint 3.1 Not defined Fully compliant Not defined Not defined Not defined Not defined European Commission, DG ENV B1 Provision of "Chemicals for paints" process-based product environmental footprint-compliant life cycle inventory datasets. Contract number: 070201/2019/819371/SER/ENV.B.l. To be used in the implementation of a regular Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) studies and Organisation Environmental Footprint (OEF) studies exclusively under the specified Product groups and sectors as defined in the Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR) and Organisation Environmental Footprint Sectorial Rules (OEFSR) listed in http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/PEFCR_OEFSR.htm and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the EULA exclusively until 31st December 2024. CEPE, The European Council of the Paint, Printing ink, and Artists' Colours Industry 2022-11-21T07:18:35.659+01:00 ILCD format 1.1 ecoinvent 2022-01-28T07:59:32+01:00 03.01.000 Alkyd resinTechnology mixProduction mix, at plant50% in water Data set finalised; entirely published CEPE, The European Council of the Paint, Printing ink, and Artists' Colours Industry true Final user Free of charge for some user types or use types To be used for the implementation of regular Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) studies and Organisation Environmental Footprint (OEF) studies exclusively under the specified Product groups and sectors as defined in the Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR) and Organisation Environmental Footprint Sectorial Rules (OEFSR) listed in http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/PEFCR_OEFSR.htm and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the EULA (available at https://lcdn-cepe.org/) exclusively until 31st December 2024. Any use of this dataset or any derivative data not within the specific context of one of the PEF/OEF projects or after the end of 2024 is not permitted. Alkyd resin; technology mix; production mix, at plant; 50% in water Output 1.0 1.0 0.000 Mixed primary / secondary Unknown derivation Alkyd resin; technology mix; production mix, at plant; 50% in water, blackbox Input 1.0 1.0 Alkyd resin; technology mix; production mix, at plant; 50% in water, elementary Input 1.0 1.0 Acidification 0.005161711627802612 Climate change 0.9464975124896192 Ecotoxicity, freshwater 14.958730445361303 Human toxicity, non-cancer 2.205884784230635E-8 EF-particulate Matter 5.246717031916E-08 Eutrophication marine 0.003688703216318 Eutrophication, freshwater 0.0001096631733945 Eutrophication, terrestrial 0.01374840355825 Human toxicity, cancer 6.974077276738172E-10 Ionising radiation, human health 0.06006752586752 Land use 41.41331199157 Ozone depletion 1.679450014348E-08 Photochemical ozone formation - human health 0.005710077218232477 Resource use, fossils 29.78381098419 Resource use, minerals and metals 3.979300039465E-06 Water use 0.4432861499556