Key Data Set Information | |
Location | GLO |
Geographical representativeness description | Global dataset. Representative data for Europe has been used for the foreground and background systems. The DQI has been adjusted to declare the achieved quality of the data set. |
Reference year | 2012 |
Name |
Base name
; Treatment, standards, routes
; Mix and location types
1,6-hexanediol diacrylate; Technology mix; Production mix, at plant
|
Use advice for data set | Notice: this data set supersedes the EF3.0-compliant version (see link under "preceding data set version" below calculated with the EF3.0). The life cycle inventory is not changed from the original EF3.0 data set. The LCIA results are calculated based on the EF3.1 methods which provide updated characterisation factors in the following impact categories: Climate Change, Ecotoxicity freshwater, Photochemical Ozone Formation, Acidification, Human Toxicity non-cancer, and Human Toxicity cancer. The review report and the data quality ratings refer to the original results. The data set has been updated by the European Commission on the basis of the original EF3.0 data set delivered by the data provider. |
Technical purpose of product or process | Chemical substance used in the production of decorative coatings |
Complementing processes | |
Classification |
Class name
:
Hierarchy level
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General comment on data set | The dataset represents the manufacture of raw materials for the paint industry. It is based on the models created for the CEPE Raw Material database, version 3 (European Council of the Paint, Printing Ink and Artists' Colours Industry; limited access), which have been updated with PEF-compliant background sources based on Ecoinvent 3.3 and process-based EF-compliant LCI datasets for energy and transport. The inventory is based on literature and background sources, following general assumptions for the paint industry. Biogenic carbon content 0%. Water content 0% |
Copyright | Yes |
Owner of data set | |
Quantitative reference | |
Reference flow(s) |
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Time representativeness | |
Data set valid until | 2024 |
Time representativeness description | Annual average data. No intra-annual or intra-daily differences have been made. Representative data for the year 2012 has been used. Data set valid until end of 2024. |
Technological representativeness | |
Technology description including background system | In the technology description below, specific dataset names refer to the original modelling based on Ecoinvent 3.3. They might have been updated using the names of the equivalent EF-compliant datasets (In particular transport, infrastructure, water, heat, energy and waste datasets). No specific data available. Modelled based on precursors and stoichiometric calculations from the reaction between 1,6-hexanediol and acrylic acid and assuming 90% yield. No data available for 1,6-hexadiol, it is produced from hydrogenation of adipic acid, therefore, it was approximated with adipic acid. Heat required for the reaction was based on the approximation for a general condensation reaction described in the background assumptions below. The following raw materials processes have been used as input to the model; "RER: acrylic acid production" and a modified version of "RER: adipic acid production" (Ecoinvent Centre, 2016) for which the N2O emission was adjusted for upstream abatement technology of N2O. The N2O emissions were decreased by 0,05112 kg N2O per kg polyester resin to reflect a 96 % N2O abatement. Background Transportation Standard distances of transportation have been used for all of the input materials used to produce a chemical. It has been assumed that all input materials are transported 600 km by train "EU-28+3: Freight train, average (without fuel)" (EF-compliant datasets) and 100 km by truck "EU-28+3: Articulated lorry transport, Total weight 20-26 t, mix Euro 0-5) (EF-compliant datasets). Infrastructure To produce chemicals, infrastructure such as a factory and equipment are required. This aspect was included in the models by using the process "RER: chemical factory construction, organics" (Ecoinvent 3.3). This data set is a rough approximation of materials, construction and land use of the facilities used in a chemical plant. The 'amount' of factory used for the production of 1 kg of chemical was approximated as 4×10E-10 pieces of chemical plant, based on an estimated life time and annual production of the plant. Yield The yield of a chemical process has been based on literature data for the specific reaction where available. If no such data were available, a default value was used. This default value is based on yields of chemical processes in general, which often range between 90-100%. There are also other losses during the production, such as residues in the production facility etc. A conservative estimation of the overall yield when producing chemicals can thus be around 90%. The unreacted input material has been assumed to end up as waste. Use of heat If no specific information was available regarding type of heat used for a production process, the process "RER: market for heat, in chemical industry" has been used (Ecoinvent 3.3), for which the background datasets were replaced with EF-compliant datasets from the node. This process consists mainly of heat from combustion of natural gas, but also some fuel oil, hard coal and electricity. To calculate the amount of heat needed in a process, two different approaches were used. Two different assumptions have been made regarding the energy use of chemical reactions, depending on whether the reactions are exothermic or endothermic. The classification of chemical reactions into these two categories is based on standard enthalpy of reaction. The main sources of information regarding standard enthalpies of formation were chemistry literature and textbooks, such as NIST (2012) and Atkins & Jones (2005). For exothermic reactions, it has been assumed that no additional energy is needed to produce the chemical of interest. This is a simplification as some energy input is likely needed to start a reaction and to maintain it through mixing, etc. The energy generated through the exothermic reaction could also be used in other chemical processes, but this has also been assumed to be non-existent due to lack of data from a specific site. For endothermic reactions, two methods have been used; - It has been assumed that the total energy consumption for the production of a chemical is 30% higher than the standard enthalpy of reaction. - To calculate the required heat, heat losses were assumed to be 20%, and the specific heat capacity for the polymer to be 2.5 [kJ/kg·K], a default value based on that of common organic substances. 2.5 kJ/kg·K is a conservative estimate of the overall heat use for a production process step. For all condensation reactions, it is assumed some energy is required for distillation of the water, therefore 2.26 MJ/kg water (specific heat of evaporation for water) is assumed to be necessary. Electricity use If no specific information was available regarding type of electricity used for a production process, the process "EU-28+3: Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV" has been used (EF-compliant datasets). Waste treatment Waste flows have been aggregated and categorized as non-hazardous or hazardous, to form two different waste treatment models. The models are consistent with the end-of-life methodology described in the PEF guide. They include the full impacts of transport and the end-of-life treatment, and provide credits for the recovered materials and energy. The following processes (Ecoinvent 3.3) were used to account for the waste treatment: - Non-hazardous waste treatment: "CH: disposal, municipal solid waste, 22.9% water, to sanitary landfill", and "CH: disposal, municipal solid waste, 22.9% water, to municipal incineration". - Hazardous waste treatment: "DE: disposal, hazardous waste, 0% water, to underground deposit", and "CH: disposal, hazardous waste, 25% water, to hazardous waste incineration". To model the transport and energy activities, the following datasets (EF-compliant datasets) were used: "EU-28+3: Articulated lorry transport, Total weight 20-26 t, mix Euro 0-5), "EU-28+3: Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV", "EU-28+3: Thermal energy from natural gas", "EU-28+3: Thermal energy from light fuel oil", and "EU-28+3: Thermal energy from hard coal". For this process, only the non-hazardous waste model has been used. |
Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) |
LCI method and allocation | |||||||||||||||||||||
Type of data set | Partly terminated system | ||||||||||||||||||||
LCI Method Principle | Attributional | ||||||||||||||||||||
Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations | None | ||||||||||||||||||||
LCI method approaches |
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Deviations from LCI method approaches / explanations | No multi-product problems are identified in the foreground system. In the background system, multi-product datasets are converted to single-product datasets with the help of database wide modelling rules, by partitioning. After the handling of wastes and recyclable materials, allocation takes place over all remaining products produced within the activity. By default, it allocates exchanges from multi-output processes according to their revenue. In the foreground system, circular-footprint formula (CFF) approach is applied; the systems does not contain end-of-life co-product or secondary material input in the foreground. The background data uses EF compliant datasets when available, with respective implementation of the CFF approach. When no EF complaint dataset is available, the background is modelled with use of the datasets based on the “Recycled content cut-off” approach to allocate end-of-life by-products and secondary materials. This allocation is explained in the description of the recycled content system model (http://www.ecoinvent.org/database/system-models-in-ecoinvent-3/cut-off-system-model/allocation-cut-off-by-classification.html). | ||||||||||||||||||||
Modelling constants | Direct Land Use change: Land use is inventorised through the use of data on: • Land occupation for the current land use (the occupied land is prevented from changing to a more natural state). • Land transformation (from previous land use and to current land use, e.g., the conversion of a former natural area to industrial land; the conversion of a gravel quarry to a natural area by active re-cultivation). Direct land use change is accounted for on the basis of a 20 year time period and implemented in the calculation of Climate Change according to the PAS2050-1:2012 method and Land Use. It should be noted that the land use classes are not intended to capture specific emissions, such as the CO2 emissions after forest clearing. Such emissions are therefore separately included in the datasets for the specific crops that are grown on such recently transformed land. Carbon storage and delayed emissions: All emissions are considered and therefore no credits are given. Emissions off-setting: No offsets are considered. Time period: No time discounting is reported. Emissions and removals are modelled as if released or removed at the beginning of the assessment method. GHG Emission fossil: All GHG emissions from fossil fuels (including peat and limestone) are modelled consistently with the most updated EF list of elementary flows on the foreground and ILCD list of elementary flows on the background. Carbon emissions and uptakes (biogenic): A distinction is made between fossil and non-fossil sources of CO2, CO and CH4. The sources of fossil carbon are the resource inputs of fossil fuels, peat, and mineral carbonates . The resource consumption of “Carbon dioxide, in air” is calculated from the carbon in harvested plants and wild animals and increases in carbon stored in soils and plants. The latter is recorded as an output of “Carbon dioxide, to soil or biomass stock”. “Carbon dioxide, in air” is the only source of non-fossil carbon, which is mainly captured through the biological photosynthesis. Carbon emissions – land use and land use change: Reductions in the carbon stored in soils and the release of carbon from the burning of biomass residues in connection to land transformation, e.g. the clear-cutting of primary forests, are recorded in the elementary exchange (resource) “Carbon, organic, in soil or biomass stock”. No land use and land use change is modelled in the foreground systems. Capital goods (including infrastructures) and their End of Life: The activity datasets for infrastructure production (infrastructure datasets) include the maintenance of the infrastructure during its lifetime, its land occupation and land transformation, and its decommissioning for waste treatment. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Deviation from modelling constants / explanations | Carbon emissions – land use and transformation in the backgrounds: Reductions in the carbon stored in soils and the release of carbon from the burning of biomass residues in connection to land transformation, e.g. the clear-cutting of primary forests, are recorded in the elementary exchange (resource) “Carbon, organic, in soil or biomass stock”. All of this input is included in the corresponding emissions of Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, and Methane, all with the addition “…, from soil or biomass stock”, and therefore does not contribute to any carbon content of any intermediate exchanges (Overview and methodology Ecoinvent. Section 5.6.2 Fossil and non-fossil carbon). | ||||||||||||||||||||
Data sources, treatment and representativeness | |||||||||||||||||||||
Data cut-off and completeness principles | Cut-offs: LCI modelling has been done based on literature sources, theoretical models and by adapting available data sets from databases. When modelling production of chemicals, a number of general assumptions have been used together with stoichiometric calculations. The models include impacts of infrastructure, yield, heat and electricity and water. At primary level, datasets are as complete as the sources allow, with no cut-off applied. Capital goods (including infrastructures) and their End of Life: The activity datasets for infrastructure production (infrastructure datasets) include the maintenance of the infrastructure during its lifetime, its land occupation and land transformation, and its decommissioning for waste treatment. System boundaries: System boundaries include all processes linked to the product supply chain, i.e. extraction, production, transport, consumption and waste treatment activities. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations | No strict quantitative cut-off rule is followed in the background sources. No predefined, limited list of elementary exchanges is applied. Full completeness in elementary exchanges is aimed for. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Data selection and combination principles | Data is consistently based on literature sources, theoretical models and adapted datasets from databases. The relevant background data is sourced from EF3.0 core databases and EF3.0 for chemicals. When processes in these databases were not available, ecoinvent v3.3 database was used (www.ecoinvent.org). | ||||||||||||||||||||
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations | None | ||||||||||||||||||||
Data treatment and extrapolations principles | No adjustments and extrapolations are performed at primary level. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations | None | ||||||||||||||||||||
Data source(s) used for this data set | |||||||||||||||||||||
Percentage supply or production covered | 0 % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Completeness | |||||||||||||||||||||
Completeness of product model | All relevant flows quantified | ||||||||||||||||||||
Supported impact assessment methods |
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Completeness elementary flows, per topic |
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Validation | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Compliance Declarations |
Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Not defined |
Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Not defined |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Not defined |
Quality compliance
Not defined |
Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Not defined |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Not defined |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Not defined |
Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Not defined |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Not defined |
Review compliance
Not defined |
Documentation compliance
Not defined |
Quality compliance
Not defined |
Commissioner and goal | |
Commissioner of data set | |
Project | Provision of "Chemicals for paints" process-based product environmental footprint-compliant life cycle inventory datasets. Contract number: 070201/2019/819371/SER/ENV.B.l. |
Intended applications | To be used in the implementation of a regular Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) studies and Organisation Environmental Footprint (OEF) studies exclusively under the specified Product groups and sectors as defined in the Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR) and Organisation Environmental Footprint Sectorial Rules (OEFSR) listed in http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/PEFCR_OEFSR.htm and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the EULA exclusively until 31st December 2024. |
Data generator | |
Data set generator / modeller | |
Data entry by | |
Time stamp (last saved) | 2022-11-21T07:15:24.387+01:00 |
Data set format(s) | |
Data entry by | |
Publication and ownership | |
UUID | 4b3213d9-15bf-4fc8-9a61-627233d12613 |
Date of last revision | 2022-01-28T07:59:32+01:00 |
Data set version | 03.01.000 |
Preceding Data set version | |
Workflow and publication status | Data set finalised; entirely published |
Owner of data set | |
Copyright | Yes |
Reference to entities with exclusive access | |
License type | Free of charge for some user types or use types |
Access and use restrictions | To be used for the implementation of regular Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) studies and Organisation Environmental Footprint (OEF) studies exclusively under the specified Product groups and sectors as defined in the Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR) and Organisation Environmental Footprint Sectorial Rules (OEFSR) listed in http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/PEFCR_OEFSR.htm and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the EULA (available at https://lcdn-cepe.org/) exclusively until 31st December 2024. Any use of this dataset or any derivative data not within the specific context of one of the PEF/OEF projects or after the end of 2024 is not permitted. |
Inputs
Type of flow | Classification | Flow | Location | Mean amount | Resulting amount | Minimum amount | Maximum amount |
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Product flow | Other Services / Other services | 1.0 kg | 1.0 kg | ||||
Product flow | Other Services / Other services | 1.0 kg | 1.0 kg | ||||
Product flow | 0.05290880000000004 kg | 0.05290880000000004 kg | |||||
Product flow | 129.0 kg | 129.0 kg | |||||
Product flow | 0.069 kg | 0.069 kg | |||||
Product flow | 0.10224 kg | 0.10224 kg | |||||
Product flow | 0.288 kg | 0.288 kg | |||||
Product flow | 784.32 kg | 784.32 kg |
Outputs
Type of flow | Classification | Flow | Location | Mean amount | Resulting amount | Minimum amount | Maximum amount | ||
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Product flow | ILCD / Materials production / Organic chemicals | 1.0 kg | 1.0 kg | ||||||
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LCIA Method Data set | Mean amount | Unit | Kommentar |
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0.018243223583869955
| mol H+ equivalents | ||
15.07079221512139
| kg CO2 Equivalents | ||
1.983073243296E-7
| disease incidence | ||
20.655820811543226
| CTUe | ||
0.00338481361443
| kg N equivalents | ||
2.971730349707E-4
| kg P equivalents | ||
0.04485671849905
| mol N equivalents | ||
8.486058273316662E-9
| CTUh | ||
2.408403688780396E-8
| CTUh | ||
0.2502287972136
| kBq U235 equivalents | ||
12.5454550756
| dimensionless (pt) | ||
3.895401939176E-8
| kg CFC11 equivalents | ||
0.015370178074806853
| kg NMVOC equivalents | ||
103.7319412452
| MJ | ||
1.618462731154E-5
| kg Sb equivalents | ||
163.4366788845
| m3-world equivalents |